CRIMINOLOGY ( DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRIME AND SIN )

Difference between sin & crime

1.     Crime is an action that is against the law. In general, this means the civil law of the society. Sin is a Abrahamic concept that is a violation of God's will.

2.     Crime is identified by the govt but sin is identified by God.

3.     Crime is happened in this world but sin is happened for the after death life.

4.     The punishment of crime is given in this world but the punishment of sin is given after death.

5.     Every crime is a sin but every sin is not a crime.

6.     Sin is a subjective term, and has no parameters to base exactly what it is.It is believed by religious people and ignored by others as a delusion. Crime is something that is set by social codes of the country you live in,and if broken a penalty is to be paid.

7.     Brief of crime is given in criminal statutes, penal code, CrPC etc & brief of sin is given in religious books.

8.     For non believers anti-social activities are not sin but for both believers and non believers anti-social activities are crime.

CRIMINOLOGY ( RELATION BETWEEN CRIMINOLGY AND CRIMINAL LAW)

Relation between Criminology & Criminal Law

Criminology & criminal law is inter-related.

1.     Criminology deals with the reason of crime, criminal’s psychology & crimanal law deals with the criminal

2.     Criminology deals with criminal tendencies & crimanal law deals with the statistics of crime

3.     Criminology deals with the factors responsible for crime & crimanal law deals with the criminals & accomplices in a crime

4.     Criminology deals with the prevention of crime & crimanal law deals with penalties to reduce a crime

5.     Criminology deals with psychologically & crimanal law deals with physically.

CRIMINOLOGY ( ELEMENTS OF CRIME )

Elements of crime:

1.     Wrongful act or omission

2.     Guilty mind

3.     A harmful consequence

4.     Prohibited act

5.     Punishable under law

CRIMINOLOGY ( HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY)

History & Development of Criminology

Crime is alive from the beginning of this world. When people started to feel any anti-etthical activities then they named it crime. Actually at the beginning of society , people indicated those work as crime which are anti-religious activities. But with the development of society the rates of crime is being increased.

In past people used to make laws for reduce the criminals,  they dint think about to reduce the crime but with the development of science people started thinking to reduce the crime from its root.. this science of thinking about crime is criminology.

And its developing every second.

CRIMINOLOGY ( PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW )

Principles of criminal law:

·        Actus non facit reum nis mens sit rea.

·        Ignorantia juris non excusat

·        Presumption of innocense

·        Double jeopardy

·        An accomplice will be punished with the  same punishment of the criminal

·        Crime happened in self defence wont be counted as crime

·        Burden of proof

CRIMINOLOGY ( INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW )

International Criminal Law

International criminal law is an autonomous branch of law which deals with international crimes and the courts and tribunals set up to adjudicate cases in which persons have incurred international criminal responsibility. It represents a significant departure from 'classical' international law which was mainly considered law created by states for the benefit of states, but tended to ignore the individual as a subject of the law.

CRIMINOLOGY ( CRIMINAL LAW )

Criminal Law

Criminal laws are made to prevent crime. We should hate the crime not the criminal. To follow this principle criminal laws are made. The penal statutes are made to make a person feel about his mistake.

Criminal law, also termed as Penal law, encompasses the rules and statutes written by Congress and state legislators dealing with any criminal activity that causes harm to the general public, with penalties. It also covers criminal procedure connected with charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes. It regulates how suspects are investigated, charged and tried. Criminal law also includes decisions by appellate courts that define and interpret criminal law and regulate criminal procedure, in the absence of clear legislated rules. In order to be found guilty of violating a criminal law, the prosecution must show that the defendant intended to act as he/she did. In other words, there had to be intention (Mens rea).

Criminal law defines the crimes committed against the state and may establish punishment. It defines how the facts in the case will be handled, the classification of the crimes (such as, whether the crime is a felony or a misdemeanor), as well as how the crime should be charged.

CRIMINOLOGY (SCOPES OF CRIMINOLOGY)

Scopes of Criminology

We can have the scopes of criminology in 4 ways.

1.     Criminal Anthropology ( deals with the manners & behavior of a criminal)

2.     Criminal Psychology  ( deals with minds of the criminal)

3.     Criminal Sociology ( deals with those social reason for which a person convert in criminal)

4.     Penology ( deals with the penalties for a crime)

CRIMINOLOGY (NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY)

A mentioned and shown in the introduction criminology is a diverse science subject. Scientific analysis generally should be practised in a more or less value-free, objective and emotionless way, sine ira et studio. Science should not be influenced by opinions or political views. The na-ture of science is neutral and free from personal views.

CRIMINOLOGY INTRODUCTION OF CRIMINOLOGY

Criminology means  the scientific study of the causation, correction, and prevention of crime.

As a subdivision of the larger field of sociology, criminology draws on psychology, economics, anthropology, psychiatry, biology, statistics, and other disciplines to explain the causes and prevention of criminal behavior. Subdivisions of criminology include penology, the study of prisons and prison systems; biocriminology, the study of the biological basis of criminal behavior; feminist criminology, the study of women and crime; and criminalistics, the study of crime detection, which is related to the field of Forensic Science.

Criminology has historically played a reforming role in relation to Criminal Law and the criminal justice system. As an applied discipline, it has produced findings that have influenced legislators, judges, prosecutors, lawyers, Probation officers, and prison officials, prompting them to better understand crime and criminals and to develop better and more humane sentences and treatments for criminal behavior.

According to Pranjeep-

“Criminology is about the study of causes and prevention of crime”